9. Ray optics and Optical instruments
- Introduction 2.Reflection of light by spherical mirrors
- Refraction
- Total internal reflection
- Refraction at spherical surfaces and by lenses
- Refraction through a prism
- Optical instruments
Mirror
Lens
Image formation in convex lens
Object at
At infinity
Beyond 2F1
At 2F1
Between 2F1 and F1
At F1
Between F1 and optical centre
Table
| Object location | Image location | Image nature | Image size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infinity | At F2 | Real and Inverted | Diminished, point sized |
| Beyond 2F1 | Between 2F2 and F2 | Real and Inverted | Diminished |
| Between 2F1 and F1 | Beyond 2F2 | Real and Inverted | Enlarged |
| At F1 | At infinity | Real and Inverted | Infinitely large or highly enlarged |
| At 2F1 | At 2F2 | Real and Inverted | Same size |
| Between F1 and optical centre | On the same side as the object | Virtual and Erect | Enlarged |
Image formation in concave lens
Object at
At infinity
Between 2F2 and F1
Table
| Object Location | Image Location | Image Nature | Image Size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infinity | At F1 | Virtual and Erect | Highly diminished, point-sized |
| Beyond Infinity and Optical Centre | Between Focus (F1) and Optical center (O) | Virtual and Erect | Diminished |
