Nutrition in Animals

2 min read

Different modes of feeding habits: Amoeba - uses special feet or false feet - pseudopedia - to procure food lizard, frog, chameloen - long, sticky tongue eagle - sharp claws, curved beaks butterflies, mosquitos - feed on liquid food housefly - first liquify the food with the help of saliva both the organisms have special sucking organ called proboscis - to suck the liquid hydra - specialised sting - cnidocytes - secretes poison on the prey to paralyse - then tentacles takes this prey into the body cavity snails - feed on decaying plants - has mouth underside of the head - teeth arranged in rows - on a ribbon like tongue - called radula starfish - uses arms to grip and slowly pulls into mouth and digest the mussels - sea animal with black shell leaf cutting ants - cut the leaf - store in underground nest - chew the leaves and mix the saliva - make compost - fungi grows on it - the ant feeds the fungi

Process of nutrition

  1. Ingestion - intake of food
  2. digestion - break down of food into simpler compounds
  3. absorption - absorbing the digested food
  4. assimilation - utilisation of absorbed food materials
  5. egestion - removal of undigested food

mouth

  • Temporary teeth
    • 20 teeth
    • 5 to 6 months till 2 years
    • start dropping by the age of 6 to 8 years
  • permanent teeth
    • 32 - 16 + 16
  • Incissors
    • front
    • 8 - 4 + 4
    • bite the food
  • Canines
    • one on either side of incissor in each jaw
    • 4 - 2 + 2
    • tearing
  • Premolars
    • 8 - 4 + 4
    • grind
  • Molars
    • innermost
    • 12 - 6 + 6
    • grind

The process of chewing, breaking the food in the mouth is called mastication.

Plaque: accumulation of sticky substance containing food particles mixed with saliva. this mixes with the bacteria present in the mouth and damages the enamel (outer layer of teeth) causing tooth decay

Flap in oesophagus - epiglottis

movement in the oesophagus - peristalsis

Diarrhoea - infection, food poisoning, indigestion excessive loss of water and salt oral rehydration solution boiled cooled water mixed with pinch of sugar and salt

Large intestine 1.5 metres

Nutrition in ruminants:

  • 4 chambers
    • rumen
    • reticulum
    • omasum
    • abomasum
  • first the food enters rumen in the form of cud
  • cud is brought to 2nd chamber where bacteria acts upon the cellulose
  • after chewing properly , it enters the third chamber
  • here it is broken into smaller pieces
  • then sent to 4th chamber, where enzymes acts
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